The working principle of the copier mainly includes the following three basic principles:
The electrostatic principle has positive and negative polarities. The so-called electrostatic principle means that the same charges are mutually exclusive; the opposite charges attract each other. The so-called same-sex repellent, the opposite sex attracts.
Optical imaging principle The basics of optical imaging: Objects are imaged as images through optical lenses. Figure 2 shows
Semiconductor principle The principle of semiconductor is to be an insulator when static or reverse voltage is applied; and to taste when adding forward voltage.
The photosensitive drum material for the copying machine is a photosensitive semiconductor: that is, an insulator in a dark state (not being light); and a conductor in a bright state (light receiving): the working principle of the copying machine is to utilize the potential characteristics of the photoconductor in the light The conductor is charged without being exposed to light, and the surface is charged with a uniform charge, and then the image of the original is imaged on the photoconductor by optical imaging. Some parts of the image are not illuminated (equivalent to the dark state), so the surface of the photoconductor still has a charge, and the image-free area is illuminated (equivalent to a bright state), so the charge on the surface of the photoconductor passes through the ground of the substrate, making the surface The charge disappears, forming an electrostatic latent image. Then, by electrostatic principle, the toner with opposite polarity is used to convert the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoconductor into a toner image on the surface of the photoconductor. Finally, the electrostatic image principle is used to transfer the toner image on the surface of the photoconductor to the surface of the copy paper to complete the basic process of copying.
The working process and components of the copier are as follows:
The working process of the copier mainly includes the following parts: (in order of copying)
Charging unit (high voltage generator, electrode holder, motor wire)
Evenly charge the surface of the drum.
Exposure parts (scanning exposure lamp, mirror, lens)
The surface of the photosensitive drum is formed into an inverted potential latent image of the image in accordance with the original image.
Developing unit (developer, high voltage generator)
Convert the potential latent image on the drum surface to a toner image.
Paper feed unit (motor, pickup roller)
The motor drives the pickup roller to feed the copy paper into the machine, preparing for the next step of transferring the toner image on the drum surface to the paper.
Transfer parts (high voltage generator, electrode holder, motor wire)
The surface of the copy paper is uniformly charged with a charge opposite to the toner charge by the transfer electrode, and the toner image on the photosensitive drum is transferred onto the copy paper.
Separating parts (high voltage generator, electrode holder, motor wire)
Since the copy paper and the surface of the drum are charged and the polarities are reversed, the copy paper is not easily separated from the photosensitive drum during copying. Therefore, it is necessary to take separate measures to smoothly separate the copy paper that has been copied from the drum. Previous copiers used mechanical separation, but easy to jam; current copiers use galvanic separation. The separation current contains high frequency alternating current and a fixed direct current component.
Cleaning parts (cleaner)
Clean the residual toner on the drum surface and prepare for the next copy. It is impossible for all copiers to completely transfer the toner on the surface of the drum to the copy paper by transfer. Therefore, there is residual toner on the surface of the drum, and if it is not cleaned, it will affect the quality of the subsequent copies.
Fixing unit (fixing stick, pressure stick, heater)
The toner image on the copy paper is fixed to the copy paper by fixing for easy storage. If it is not fixed, the image on the copy paper is dropped as soon as it is touched. (So ​​fixing requires a certain temperature and pressure)
The copier process also includes a number of auxiliary processes, mainly:
Dissipative parts (full exposure light)
Remove the residual potential on the drum surface to prepare for future copying. Otherwise the copy will have a residual image or bottom ash.
Border-cutting component (image-like side eraser)
The copy has blanks on the front end, front and back sides, rear end or reduced portion, so it is necessary to remove the unnecessary drum surface potential by the image side edge discharge lamp.
Chapter III Mechanical Structure of Copier The mechanical structure of the copier passes through its working process as shown below:
The mechanical structure of the copier mainly includes the following parts:
The optical imaging system is mainly composed of an exposure lamp, a mirror (1 to 6 or 1 to 4 blocks), and an optical lens. Its function is to image the original onto the drum, so the quality of the optical system directly affects the quality of the copy. The cleaning and maintenance of the optical system and precautions will be explained in detail in the following sections.
The photosensitive drum and the imaging system are mainly composed of a photosensitive drum, a charging electrode, a transfer electrode, a separation electrode, and an image-like edge-eliminating lamp and a comprehensive erasing lamp. The function is to convert the optical image imaged by the optical imaging system on the surface of the photosensitive drum into a potential latent image; then transfer the toner image on the photosensitive drum to the copy paper; then, the copy paper is smoothly peeled off from the photosensitive drum to complete the original The process of copying.
The developing system is mainly composed of a powder adding motor, a toner cartridge, a developing magnetic stick, a magnetic stick blade, a toner agitator, a toner conveying auger, and a transmission gear. The function is to add the powder motor to the toner in the toner cartridge through the toner conveying screw into the developing device, and then the toner agitator fully stirs the toner to charge the toner and adsorb it on the developing magnetic rod. The thickness of the toner on the magnetic bar is controlled by the magnetic bar blade. Finally, the toner on the surface of the magnetic roller is adsorbed onto the photosensitive drum by the electric charge on the surface of the photosensitive drum to form a photosensitive toner image.
The paper feeding system is mainly composed of a paper feeding motor, a pickup roller, a paper box, and a transmission gear. The function is to feed the copy paper into the machine and prepare for the next step of transferring the toner image on the drum surface to the paper.
The cleaning system is mainly composed of a cleaning blade, a recycling stick, a waste powder transmission auger, a waste toner box, and a transmission gear. The function is that the cleaning blade scrapes off the residual toner on the surface of the photosensitive drum, and then collects the waste toner into the waste toner box through the recycling stick and the waste powder transmission auger. Since it is impossible for all copiers to transfer the toner on the surface of the drum to the copy paper by transfer. Therefore, there is residual toner on the surface of the drum, and if it is not cleaned, it will affect the quality of the subsequent copies.
The fixing system is mainly composed of a fixing heat stick, a pressure roller, a heating lamp, a thermistor, an overheat protection switch, and a transmission gear. Its function is to heat the heat roller to a certain temperature by heating the lamp, and the temperature value is controlled by the thermistor. Then, the toner on the copy paper is melted by the pressure between the heat stick and the pressure stick, and then fixed on the copy paper.
The transmission system is mainly composed of a main motor, a scanning lamp frame motor, a lens motor, a paper feed motor and a developing motor (the latter two copiers are not available), a transmission gear, a transmission chain (belt or wire rope). The main motor drives the photosensitive drum, paper feeding mechanism, cleaner, fuser, developing device and paper feeding mechanism (some models are driven by independent motors); the lens motor controls the lens to move back and forth in different proportions to ensure the effect of the copy; The motor drives the lamp holder forward and backward, and also ensures that the movement of the lamp holder is synchronized with the rotation of the photosensitive drum (how to implement the detailed explanation in the following chapters); the paper feeding motor drives the pickup roller to feed the paper into the machine; the developing motor Then, the rotation of the developing device is driven to synchronously convey the toner to the magnetic bar (how to explain why the synchronization is detailed later).
The paper feeding system is mainly composed of a paper guide stick, a paper feed wheel, a paper feeding belt, a branch fan, and a paper guide. The copy paper is sent to the copier by the pickup roller to the copier and then the copier is completed. In addition to the paper feeding, transfer and fixing processes, other auxiliary processes are required, and the paper feeding system is essential for the normal transfer of the copy paper in the copying machine. section. Of course, this also involves the positioning and synchronization of copy paper, which is also discussed in the following electrical chapter.
Chapter 4 Electrical Structure of the Copier The electrical system of the copier mainly includes the following parts:
The power supply part is mainly composed of a power line, a switch, and an AC to DC conversion switching power supply. The function of the switching power supply is to convert the external AC power supplied through the power line into the DC power required by the control part of the copier. The DC power supply generally uses multiple sets of different potential outputs (commonly 24V, 12V, 5V).
24V - provides power for output components such as sensors, motors, and electromagnetic clutches;
12V - power supply for components such as control panels;
5V - Power supply for diodes, chips in the control board, sensors, etc.
The control part mainly consists of a main control board, an exposure light control board, a motor control board, and the like, and the main control board controls the entire copying process of the copying machine.
The exposure lamp control panel controls the illumination intensity of the exposure lamp according to different concentrations of the original.
The motor control board controls the position of the scanning lamp holder, the lens, and the forward and reverse speed according to different copying ratios (some models are integrated in the main control board).
The high-voltage part of the high-voltage generator provides the high voltage required for the charging, transfer, separation, developing bias, gate bias, power-down and pre-transfer (some models are not required) for the copying process according to the instructions of the main control board.
The main part of the display part is the operation panel.
The automatic test section is mainly composed of an automatic concentration sensor and an original size sensor.
The automatic exposure automatic concentration sensor detects different original densities to obtain different potentials for transmission to the main control board, and then the main control board gives different instructions to the exposure lamp control panel to control the illumination intensity of the exposure lamps to achieve the best copying effect.
The automatic paper selection and magnification original size sensors detect different original sizes and obtain different combinations for transmission to the main control board. Then, the main control board is divided according to different combinations: 1. The paper path with the same size as the original is selected according to the selected magnification; Select the appropriate magnification according to the selected copy paper size.
The sensor part mainly consists of a scanning lamp holder original position sensor, a lens original position sensor, a paper path sensor, a registration sensor, a paper exit sensor, a paperless sensor, a paper size sensor and the like.
Chapter 5 Adjustment of the Copier The adjustment of the copier is divided into two parts: mechanical adjustment and image and electrical adjustment. Mechanical adjustment:
The adjustment of the optical system adjustment optical system is mainly: the adjustment of the distance between the full scan light stand and the half scan light stand (other tilt angles such as the mirror are strongly recommended to be adjusted). This adjustment is generally adjusted under the following conditions:
Replace the scanning lamp holder wire rope;
There is a difference in magnification between the copy and the original;
The copy is blurred.
The standard position of different models of copiers is different. The adjustment of the specific model is subject to the maintenance manual of this model!
The height of the developer's magnetic ear height is adjusted with the aging of the magnetic stick and the wear of the magnetic stick blade. The height and low height of the magnetic spike affect the quality of the copy.
The standard position of different models of copiers is different. The adjustment of the specific model is subject to the maintenance manual of this model!
The fuser pressure adjusts the fixing pressure to ensure the quality of the copy within a certain range. If it is too large, it will easily cause the copy paper to wrinkle; if it is too small, it will be easy to fix. The fuser pressure adjustment needs to be adjusted in the following cases:
The copy is not fixed, and the content is wiped off;
The copy paper has wrinkles and the copy is uneven.
The fuser pressure test is as follows: When the copier is working normally, an A3 full black version is copied. When the copy is turned off, the fuser is shut down immediately, and the copy paper is left in the machine for about 15 seconds to remove the copy paper. The effect is as follows. Show:
Second, image, electrical adjustment:
Optical image adjustment
The optical image adjustment is mainly: image front end blank, image alignment, image erasure, image magnification, and exposure lamp brightness adjustment.
Blank adjustment of the front end of the image: The blank of the front end of the copy is to prevent paper jam, so the front end blank must have a certain range. Generally, the blank of the copy machine is 1.5±0.5mm.
Image registration adjustment: The registration of the copier refers to the synchronization of the copy paper and the photosensitive drum, and the copy paper can be adjusted in advance or delayed to meet the blank of the front end of the copy.
Image edge trimming adjustment: This adjustment mainly makes the image on both sides of the copy complete; if it is a color copying machine, it will be consistent in copying for two or more colors, and no overprinting or overlapping of overprinting will occur.
Image magnification adjustment: Fine-tune the position of the lens or mirror to make the magnification of the copy reach the standard (some models do not have this adjustment).
Exposure lamp brightness adjustment: In the case of exposure lamp and drum aging, you can get a satisfactory copy by adjusting the brightness of the exposure lamp.
Electrical adjustment
The electrical adjustment is mainly: the height of the wire, the height of the charging potential, and the adjustment of the developing bias.
Wire height adjustment: height adjustment should be made after replacing the wire. Although the standard of each type is different, the requirements are not too close to the drum, otherwise the drum will be easily aged or severely broken.
Adjustment of the charging potential: Do not adjust as much as possible unless the main control board or high voltage generator is replaced. Or after a certain basis, small-scale fine-tuning (if it is a potentiometer on the high-voltage generator, it is strongly recommended not to make any adjustments).
Adjustment of developing bias: The level of developing bias directly affects the depth of the copy. The specific adjustment should be made with reference to the maintenance manual of the specific model!
Different models and methods of copier adjustment are different. The adjustment of the specific model is subject to the maintenance manual of this model!
Chapter 6 Self-diagnosis Function of Copier The self-diagnosis of the copier mainly has two major functions: component input and output diagnosis and fault code self-diagnosis.
First, input and output self-diagnosis:
The self-diagnosis of the copier needs to enter the maintenance and debugging state first. How to enter the maintenance status Each maintenance manual is described in detail.
Input diagnosis is based on the copier entering the maintenance state, input the corresponding code, and then change the on/off status of each sensing component (photoelectric interrupt sensor, micro-touch switch, thermistor, etc.) to detect whether their work is normal. The codes of different models are different, the codes of different models of the same brand are similar but slightly different, so you should refer to the respective maintenance manual for testing.
The output diagnosis is based on the fact that the copier enters the maintenance state, and the corresponding code is input to determine whether each output component (motor, electromagnetic clutch, relay clutch, and the like) has a corresponding action, thereby judging whether their work is normal.
The codes of different models are different, the codes of different models of the same brand are similar but slightly different, so you should refer to the respective maintenance manual for testing. The specific code instruction maintenance manual has specific instructions.
Second, the fault code self-diagnosis:
The copier will monitor the operation of different parts in real time during operation. If the input and output of a part are abnormal, the corresponding code will be displayed on the operation panel of the copier. The common fault codes generally have jams and doors. Faults such as switches, lack of toner, and waste toner can be solved by users themselves. Other codes involving component damage such as: abnormal exposure (lighting off, temperature fuse break, poor exposure lamp controller, etc.), fixing abnormality (fixing lamp off, thermistor is bad, solid state relay is defective, fixing temperature cutout Poor, poor control board, etc.; scan lamp frame movement abnormality (motor failure, poor wire rope, poor lamp holder sensor, poor motor control board, etc.); transmission abnormality (defective main motor, poor motor drive board, poor power supply board, control board) Bad, etc.), etc., it is necessary for maintenance personnel to check the replaced parts before they can be solved.
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