Its English name is called CARABINER, and domestic mountaineering circles call it iron lock.
Iron locks used in early climbing were made of steel or iron. Steel is characterized by its sturdiness and durability and its high endurance (some can withstand 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms of tension). The disadvantage is the heavy weight, which increases the load on the climber and cannot be carried in large quantities. Later, this kind of iron lock was gradually replaced by aluminum alloy iron locks. Aluminum alloy iron locks are light and strong. At present, some manufacturers are better than aluminum alloy titanium alloy iron locks. The iron lock is the most widely used and most indispensable and alternative equipment in climbing equipment. The main purpose of the iron lock when climbing is to use the climbing rope and the intermediate pivot.
Iron locks can replace many complex and cumbersome knots in climbing. The combination and use of many climbing equipment such as safety harnesses, ascents, descenders, etc., must be linked by iron locks.
The iron lock is a safety protection when climbing rivers and exploring the rocks. Some people call them safety buckles.
When climbing, make sure that the main rope is connected to the middle fulcrum by iron locks. Any one of the iron locks must be able to withstand the impact of the sudden fall of the climber.
But what about being sturdy enough? According to the fall test of the International Mountain Alliance “UIAAâ€, the climbing ropes can withstand a tensile force of at least 1200 kg. Due to the brakes and friction of the ropes on the iron locks, the load on the iron locks should be 1.33 times that of the ropes in the UIAA crash test. Therefore, the iron lock must withstand at least 1500 kilograms of impact. That is to say, in order to obtain the maximum safety in a serious crash, the iron lock can at least withstand such a load.
The normal pulling force of the aluminum alloy iron lock is generally 2000-3000 kg to ensure the safety of the climber.
Iron locks are generally divided into type 0, type D, modified type D.
0 type iron lock has the advantages of low friction, wide use range, buckle activity on the rock, block better than the D-type iron lock, when climbing 0 type iron lock is generally used for risers, pulleys and other equipment connection, in normal Under no circumstances will it be subjected to impact tension and will not get stuck at an acute angle and change direction or suddenly move. The disadvantage is that the impact of the pull is small, its load is shared equally by the two sides of the iron lock, generally can withstand 1500 ~ 1800 kg of tension.
The D-type iron lock is a kind of iron lock that is used more often than a type 0 iron lock. Almost all the load is received by the long side opposite to the opening, so it is subjected to large impact force and high safety factor. Nowadays, it has been modified to have a larger shape such as a cashew, which facilitates one-handed operation of the climber.
In addition, iron locks with safety locks, mostly large triangles or large D-types, are used for the complicated connection of equipment. The most common use is to ensure the connection between the main rope and the safety harness. Therefore, we also call this type of iron lock. Iron lock for insurance.
The iron lock has two basic states, opening and closing. When the iron lock is closed, it can withstand three times the pulling force.
In the use of special attention: hang up the iron lock to turn the opening to open outwards, or downwards towards the climber, to prevent twisting. Be sure to check for cracks or cracks before use. Open and close the opening to make it smooth (because its internal structure is hinged at the spring, kerosene, solvent, or lubricating oil, etc. can be used to clear the gap.), in order to reduce rope friction, double Iron locks are also available.
Finally, when selecting the iron lock, it is necessary to choose according to the actual needs, because different uses, different types of iron locks to bear the load of the pull, weight, price are different. I believe that when you think about the kind of iron lock, you also put your trust and safety in the reference. In short, it is a kind of easy-to-perceive but difficult to explain feeling.
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