Among the four printing methods of flat concave and soft hole, only one method is obviously different from the other three printing methods on the principle of ink transfer. This is lithography, which is what we usually call offset printing.
The most basic printing principle in offset printing is to use the two rules of incompatibility of oil and water, and selective adsorption of the printing plate to keep the ink and water balanced on the printing plate to achieve the transfer of the dots, and to achieve clear images and full colors Effect. This is where the term ink balance is derived.
Second, the conditions for generating ink and ink balance
During the printing process, even if the water conveying device is adjusted and operated correctly, due to the impact of the shutdown, the temperature and humidity changes in the printing workshop, the operating speed of the printing machine, the type of ink, paper, and the blank space of the layout increase with the number of printed copies Restrictions such as weakening the hydrophilic property will also directly affect the water-ink balance.
1 The printing plate must have a solid graphic and blank foundation to keep the lipophilic and hydrophilic relative stable. If a certain condition is not met, the ink and wash will be out of balance.
2 The thickness of the sand should be controlled well. The grit on the surface of the printing plate must be kept even and fine, with a certain physical strength, so that the graphics and blank parts have a solid attachment foundation and good water storage conditions.
3 The temperature and humidity of the workshop should be constant. In principle, the workshop is required to have conditions of constant temperature and constant humidity, because changes in temperature will cause changes in the viscosity and fluidity of the ink, and the increase in temperature will evaporate water, which will make the water and ink lose balance. Especially resin ink is very sensitive to temperature. It is best to install an air conditioner to control the temperature within the range of 20 ℃ ～ 25 ℃.
4 The machine should run at a constant speed. In production, the machine must maintain normal speed and uniform speed. The machine will quickly and slowly, and it is easy to lose control of the water and ink balance.
5 To grasp the characteristics of different types of paper, ink and other raw materials. The performance of ink and paper used in printing differs greatly. The use of different papers and inks has different requirements for water-ink balance. For example, paper has a close texture and loose texture, and a moisture content; ink has viscosity, fluidity, and pigment particle size. Under the same conditions of printing plate, temperature, humidity, etc., we must grasp the changes of their properties.
6 The amount of drying oil should be moderate. Putting dry oil in the ink promotes the drying of the ink, but the dry oil promotes the stickiness of the ink. Therefore, the unsuitable amount of dry oil is the main factor that makes the balance of the water and ink out of control and the dirty version.
7 The pH value of dampening dilution should not fluctuate. The PH value of fountain solution is also an important condition that affects the balance of water and ink. It must be made constant to avoid large-scale fluctuations.
8 Adjust the pressure correctly. The printing press must have precise cylinder pressure, ink roller pressure, and water roller pressure. These three pressures directly determine the water-ink balance.
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