Under normal conditions, carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless, odorless gas that is soluble in water and has a solubility of 0.144 g/100 g of water (25 ° C). At 20 ° C, carbon dioxide was pressurized to 5.73 × 106 Pa to become a colorless liquid, which was often compressed in a steel cylinder and became solid at -56.6 ° C and 5.27 × 105 Pa. When the alkali pressure of liquid carbon dioxide evaporates rapidly, part of the gasification absorbs heat, and the other part is quenched to become a snowy solid, and the snowy solid is compressed to become an ice-like solid, that is, you "dry ice". "Dry ice" can be directly sublimated into gas at 1.013 × 105 Pa, -78.5 °C. Carbon dioxide is heavier than air and has a density of 1.977 g/L under standard conditions, about 1.5 times that of air. Carbon dioxide is non-toxic, but it cannot be supplied to animals for breathing. It is a suffocating gas. In the air, the content is usually 0.03% (volume). If the content reaches 10%, it will cause people to gradually stop breathing, and finally suffocate and die. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the dry well, mantle and the bottom of the hole is generally high, so before entering, it should be First use the light test, if the light is extinguished or the combustion is weakened, you can't rush into it to avoid danger.
Physical properties of carbon monoxide Under normal conditions, carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, odorless, toxic gas, melting point - 199 ° C, boiling point - 191.5 ° C. The gas density is 1.25g/L under standard conditions, and the air density (1.293g/L under standard conditions is very small, which is one of the factors that are prone to gas poisoning. It is a neutral gas
Chemical properties of carbon monoxide
The valence of carbon in the carbon monoxide molecule is tens of 2, which can be further increased by the oxygen ratio to +4, so that carbon monoxide is flammable and reducing, and carbon monoxide can be burned in air or oxygen to form carbon dioxide:
2CO+O22CO2
A blue flame is emitted when burning, releasing a lot of heat. Therefore, carbon monoxide can be used as a gaseous fuel.
As a reducing agent, carbon monoxide can reduce many metal oxides to simple metals at high temperatures, so it is often used for metal smelting. For example, reducing black copper oxide to red metallic copper, reducing zinc oxide to metallic zinc:
CO+CuOCu+CO2
CO+ZnOZn+CO2
Multi-step reduction reactions can occur in ironmaking furnaces:
CO+3Fe2O32Fe3O4+CO2
Fe3O4+CO3FeO+CO2
Fe+COFe+CO2
Carbon monoxide also has an important property: it reacts with some metal elements, under the conditions of heat and pressure, as a main component compound. Such as Ni (CO) 4 (nickel tetracarbonyl), Fe (CO) 5 (iron pentacarbonyl), etc., these materials are unstable, immediately decompose into the corresponding metal and carbon monoxide when heated, which is to purify the metal and produce pure carbon monoxide One of the methods.
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