More than 30 years ago, the day when 3D printing was launched, it began with the photo-curing technology SLA (laser scanning) stereolithography. Therefore, light curing is the leader of 3D printing technology . Later, everyone knows the open source technology of reprap, which makes FDM 's melt extrusion technology go to the public. SLS's sintering technology, especially as metal sintering, makes 3D printing go to high-end applications. Light curing itself has also developed in an endless stream.
The main technology of light curing, the first generation SLA, uses ultraviolet laser (355nm or 405nm) as the light source, and uses the galvanometer system to control the laser spot scanning. The liquid resin in the sweeping position is selectively cured. The second-generation DLP UV digital projection technology uses a 405 nm light source to selectively project a surface light source into a liquid resin to cure it through Texas Instruments' digital micromirror technology. Among them, DLP technology includes the famous CLIP continuous printing technology which is 100 times faster. The z-axis direction of all photo-curing technologies is divided into two schemes: the desktop type is the light source below, through the window and the release film, the molding is pulled up; the industrial large-scale is the light source on, and the molding sinks below the liquid surface. The liquid surface does not require a release film.
First, the light curing of LCD technology
Light curing technology, in addition to SLA laser scanning and DLP digital projection, has now formed a new technology, which is the use of LCD as a light source technology. The simplest understanding of LCD printing technology is that the light source of DLP technology is replaced by LCD. We can review the characteristics of light curing technology. The core of each light curing technology is the solution around the light source problem, from laser scanning SLA, to digital projection DLP, to the latest LCD printing technology.
Very interesting to tell you, in fact, LCD technology is divided into two, two are not the same. The dividing line is the wavelength of the light source, one is 405 nm ultraviolet, and the other is 400-600 nm visible light. LCD mask photocuring: using 405nm UV light (like DLP), plus LCD panel as selective light transmission technology, is LCD masking or there are many different names in the industry, such as selecting digital light. Processing (mDLP), liquid crystal DLP technology, UV mask curing, and the like.
LCD mask technology has been developed since 2013. Interested in searching for the earliest makers to use the ordinary computer LCD display to remove the backlight board, plus 405 LED lamp beads for backlighting, try to print uv resin. The z-axis solution is nothing more than a slider, a lead screw and a stepper motor. The motor driver board can be used with a single-chip microcomputer or the most popular RAMPS board solution of FDM. The LCD driver is actually the same as the driver of all the monitors. The VGA or hdmi is connected to the LCD driver board and then connected to the LCD panel. The backlight is 405nm bulb or LED array, and the lens is used to evenly distribute the light.
The first commercial LCD mask 3D printer goes back to ibox nano, a more successful kick starter crowdfunding project in 2014.
The smallest 3D printer, the first quietest printer, and so on. The advantages of this machine are outstanding and better than the previous DLP. The downside is that one is a print size that is too small for a 3-inch screen. The second print accuracy is too poor, with an in-plane accuracy of 200 microns, because the resolution of that LCD screen is relatively low.
The same is a kickstarter project, of course, the highlights are still as emphasized by ibox nano, the price is cheap but the technology is good, and the high-speed surface molding is light curing, the technology maturity is also very good, the parameters are very touching, especially the speed. Of course, like all desktop-level light-curing printers, this is a pull-up type, with an LCD panel underneath the resin tank and a 405 backlight below.
At present, there are several LCDMasking principle printers that almost simultaneously launch 5.5-inch 2k screens in China. The biggest feature is that everyone uses 5.5-inch Sharp's 2560*1440 resolution screen. It is said that this screen is cheap, high resolution, and the most valuable point is that it can withstand the destruction of 405nm near-ultraviolet light for hundreds of hours. The printer probably looks like this. The advantages are obvious, the resin is cheap, the machine is not expensive, the precision is much higher than the first generation SLA, the equipment is small, and the workmanship is quite good. Thanks to the open source Raspberry Pi hardware and software, offline printing or wireless control printing is implemented.
Machine code or manufacturer includes: wanhao, KLD1260, YLD01, steek, zhiyao, Nova, Easy3D..... of course there are other different solutions. It mainly depends on the use of different screens as a mask for light transmission. Under the LCD, 405led lamps are generally used as backlights. Here you can search for it yourself.
A number of examples of such printers are listed above, summarizing the advantages and disadvantages:
advantage:
High precision. It is easy to achieve a plane accuracy of 100 microns, which is superior to the first generation SLA technology and comparable to current desktop DLP technology.
cheap price. Mainly compared with the SLA and DLP of the previous generation technology, this cost performance is extremely outstanding.
Simple structure. Because there is no laser galvanometer or projection module, the structure is simple, easy to assemble and repair
Resin is common. Due to the 405 nm backlight, all DLP-based resins or most photocurable resins are theoretically compatible. Only certain SLA-specific resins are not necessarily compatible, mainly for lack of exposure.
Print multiple parts at the same time without sacrificing speed. Because this is the same as DLP technology, it is a surface forming light source.
Disadvantages:
LCD has a small range of options: LCD, a key component of this technology, requires excellent selective transmission of 405 light, and can withstand several hours of high-intensity baking of tens of watts of 405 LED lamp beads, as well as heat dissipation and resistance. The test of temperature performance. So not every LCD screen can be used. The above solution has solved the important problem of LCD selection. At the same time, it is recommended that users be prepared to burn the LCD screen virtual replacement. This LCD screen is a consumable part.
LCD printing is aging during use.
The print size is too small: this is actually not a problem, the desktop machine, the last point of the DLP machine or the desktop laser SLA machine is half the strengths and disadvantages: these technologies are open source, low technical barriers are easy to copy, everyone can share or DIY This kind of machine, as long as you find the right screen.
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