Basic structure of flexographic printing machine
Like other printing machines, flexographic printing presses also consist of an unwinding part, a printing part, a drying part, and a rewinding part. In the following, each structure of the flexographic printing machine will be described in detail by taking a laminated flexographic printing machine as an example.
The basic form of flexo printing machine
Simply put, flexographic printing presses are currently divided into three types: stacked, unit, and satellite.
Laminated flexo printing machine
The stacked type is the simplest structure and the cheapest flexographic printing method. It is also the flexographic printing machine with the largest market share in the domestic flexographic market.
A stacking (also superimposed) printing machine is a device that assembles multiple powerful printing units one above the other in a combined form. In the laminated flexo printing machine, each printing unit has its own corresponding impression cylinder, and its printing units are independent of each other, arranged up and down, and occupy a small area.
At present, the largest gathering place for such flexographic printing presses in China is in the Pearl River Delta region. In the early 1980s, Hong Kong companies followed the Japanese reform and opening-up policies and started selling in the country in the 1980s following the Japanese model. It is mainly used for printing of hand-held shopping bags, vest bags, simple clothing bags, electronic component outer packaging and other products. Because of the gravure plate-making time and price reasons at that time, the laminated flexo printing machine developed rapidly due to the advantages of fast plate-making time, cheap price, and low unit price of products. Subsequently, domestic laminated flexographic printing machines began to appear in the 1990s and gradually replaced laminated flexographic printing machines produced by Hong Kong companies. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 3,000 such flexographic printing machines in the Pearl River Delta, ranging from monochrome, two-color to ten-color. At present, there are manufacturers in the Yangtze River Delta who are producing laminated flexographic printing presses, and after absorbing foreign self-adhesive label printing equipment, they enter the label printing industry. The laminated flexo printing machine has the advantages of small footprint, simple operation, and low price. However, its shortcomings are more prominent, mainly due to low overprint accuracy, only ± 0.5mm, can not be used to print high-precision packaging products. The speed is slow, due to the structure and drying reasons, the fastest is 70m / min, and the monochrome printing of some machines can also reach 100m / min.
Figure 1 Laminated flexo printing machine
Unit type flexographic printing machine
The unit-type flexo printing machine is the same as the current intaglio printing machine in China, adopting the unit arrangement and combination mode. At present, domestic and foreign manufacturers have proposed a platform concept on which printing color groups or functional color groups can be interchanged at will to meet the needs of freely changing processes, and are very flexible. With the introduction of the first equipment in China in the 1990s, there have been more than 500 imported and domestic flexo printing machines in China. And it will increase at an annual rate of more than 50 units. The unit-type flexo printing machine has a wide range of printing substrates and is easy to operate. The overprint accuracy is within ± 0.2mm. The printing speed belongs to the medium speed range, basically within 220m / min. However, the unit-type flexo printing machine's wide width is concentrated below 600mm, and it is often called the narrow-width flexo printing machine in the industry. The unit-type flexo printing machine is mainly used for products with high added value such as cigarette packs and stickers.
The biggest advantage of the unit-type flexo printing machine is that it can adjust the individual unit and increase or decrease the number of processing units. It can be said that the inline multi-process combination technology is the most attractive technology of the unit-type flexo printing machine. In the following courses, we will also explain the in-line multi-process combination technology in detail.
Figure 2 Unit-type flexo printing machine
Satellite flexo printing machine
Satellite flexo printing machine is a flexographic printing method that is used less in China and has developed more slowly, which has a greater relationship with its understanding and historical reasons in the industry. Satellite flexo printing machine is a common type printing machine for impression cylinder, that is, there is only one impression cylinder. The paper path of this model cannot be changed and the printed circuit is short. However, due to the higher requirements for the common shared impression cylinder, when the number of units is too large, the machine will appear very bulky.
However, satellite flexo printing has many advantages, except for the advantages of high precision and high speed. When printing large-area color patches (on the ground), it actually has a very large advantage, which is comparable to gravure printing. The ceramic anilox roller is used to precisely control the amount of ink. Therefore, when printing large solid patches in flexographic printing, only about 1.2g of ink per square meter can be used without affecting color saturation. The gravure printing requires 3g / m2 or higher (some article data shows 4 ~ 6g / m2), plus the use of supporting solvents, the actual cost of ink is far higher than that of flexo printing. Another advantage is that users should pay attention to the issue of energy consumption. Due to the relationship between the flexographic printing structure, ink, and the amount of ink, etc., it does not require too much thermal energy to dry the printed work completely. . So usually an 8-color flexo printing machine, under the premise of speed 300m / min, the power of the electric heating method used does not exceed 80KW / hour. And other printing methods usually require more than 150kw / hour of energy consumption, or even higher. This is very good news when the current domestic electricity consumption situation is not optimistic. Of course, satellite flexo printing machine has its shortcomings. Mainly in the aspect of printing reduction, although the products can be printed to 175 lines, but with the increase in related costs, the overall application still has a gap with offset printing and gravure printing. When printing high-line-count products, there is no help. This is a common problem of flexo printing, and it is also the most in need of improvement.
Figure 3 Satellite flexo printing machine (with front and back printing function)
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