Ming and Qing furniture, because it can fully reflect the designer's thoughts and emotions, reflects the characteristics of the times, has a special cultural and artistic connotation, and is hailed as the "microcosm of beauty" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. So, where is the beauty of Ming and Qing furniture? Today, Xiaobian will take everyone to see, the beauty of Ming and Qing furniture.
Material beauty: "One or two red sandalwood one or two gold"
The elegant Ming and Qing furniture is made of expensive and solid hard wood. They are either dark and elegant, such as ebony, such as pure lacquer, all of them; red sandalwood from brownish purple to dark black, dense and dignified. Or the pattern is vivid and magnificent, such as the huanghuali Euphemism; the chicken wing wood ring surrounded by clusters.
Since ancient times, China has considered that red sandalwood is one of the most valuable woods, and it has the saying of "one or two red sandalwood one or two gold." A rosewood is usually 300 years old, and the "ten sandal nine empty", that is, most red sandalwood is hollow. Among the various hardwoods, the red sandalwood texture is the most dense, and some parts of the material can hardly see the wood grain. At the same time, the proportion is also the largest, and each cubic meter of red sandalwood weighs 1000 kilograms.
Beautiful shape: from the legs and feet
Rosewood from brownish purple to dark black, with metallic color and satin-like texture, slightly aromatic, deep and quaint. The Ming and Qing dynasties are mainly used for the production of high-grade furniture and other ingenious objects, with a calm and simple atmosphere. The red sandalwood is also the finest carved wood in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the exquisite carving can reach the extent of wearing the branches. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, no matter whether it is a table, a chair or a bed, the proportion of the furniture is in line with the norms. Valuable and amazing is the virtual and real division of the space of each piece of furniture. The thickness of the members is short and long, the curvature of the arc is slow, and the lines are sharp and blunt. In particular, it is a simple and simple class, which makes future generations admire the five bodies.
The outstanding feature of Ming Dynasty furniture styling is that the side feet are clearly collected, which gives a sense of stability to the visual. In terms of legs and legs, the round members are often used in the legs of Ming Dynasty furniture. The circular members are like the pillars of the house. The upper end of the column is gradually tapered, and the four legs are also slightly outward. The round legs are used to make the connection between the legs and legs. The change of the furniture foot is a special style formed by the skill of the leg materials.
In addition, in addition to the straight foot, the legs and legs of Ming Dynasty furniture also have various shapes such as drums, teeth, crane legs and three-legged legs. In the early days of the Qing Dynasty, there was not much innovation in furniture. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the style of Qing style furniture gradually became clear, and it also changed on the legs and legs. The shape of the structure was curved and the feet were also rectangular or square. In the late Qing Dynasty, the simple wind of furniture went from bad to worse. At this time, the common method of manufacturing the leg of the furniture was to make the straight foot with the large material, cut it to the middle part, then bend it inward, bend it to the horseshoe and bend it outward. .
Structural beauty: æ¦«å¯ craft and curve
Our country's craftsmanship is no exaggeration to say that it is the world's furniture. In the furniture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the use of hard and hard hardwood, the craftsmen can create a variety of exquisite and sturdy scorpions that can avoid each other but complement each other. Pin, silicone is just an unimportant auxiliary material. It can be up and down, right and left, straight and thin, and the connection is reasonable. The craftsmanship is precise, the fastening is tight, the clothes are seamless, and the room is not allowed to make a compliment. It is amazing.
The craftsmanship of Ming style furniture is known as the highest peak of ancient furniture making techniques. Authentic Ming style furniture, no matter the size, does not have a drop of glue, a nail, but a combination of precision and skillful craftsmanship, so that the furniture can adapt to hot and cold, dry and wet changes, which is also the Ming style furniture can maintain a hundred years One of the secrets. Another characteristic of Ming style furniture is that it pays particular attention to the beauty of the line. It does not win with the luxuriant floral ornament, but focuses on the linear change of the outer contour of the furniture. It varies from object to object and has its own posture, giving people a strong line beauty, such as The backrest chair and the back plate are made into a S-shaped curve, which is consistent with the bones of the human spine in the natural state, and shows a unique structural feature. It has been praised by western researchers as the most scientific and beautiful Ming curve of the East. .
In addition, many of the Ming style furniture use round materials, which make them bend and have a smooth, delicate and smooth performance. This is fully demonstrated in the chair ring of the circle chair and the brain of the lamp chair.
Carving beauty: the wisdom of design aesthetics
Engraving played an important role in the overall furniture art of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is an inseparable and important part of the furniture of Ming and Qing Dynasties. It embodies the wisdom and light of the aesthetics of furniture design in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and conveys the aesthetic taste pursued by the crafts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Exquisite good wood carvings contain endless aesthetic connotations. Its aesthetic value goes far beyond the external value of traditional furniture itself and is the treasure of Chinese classical art.
The carving techniques of Ming and Qing furniture include round carving, relief carving, openwork, semi-relief, and semi-transparent carving. Round sculptures are used in the minds of furniture.
Embossed, there are high and shallow points, high relief embossed surface convex, multi-layer overlap; bas-relief with knife and pen, like line drawing. Openwork is to remove the part of the pattern from the hollow, resulting in a virtual and real, exquisite and beautiful, it has one side and two sides. The two sides are carved on the plane to pursue the effect similar to the round sculpture. Openwork is mostly used for partitions, screens, canopy beds, hangers, mirrors, etc. The semi-embossed semi-transparent sculpture, mainly used on the dental plate and the tooth of the table case, shows a beautiful and confusing beauty.
The carvings on the furniture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are very broad, and there are more than ten types of grass, lotus, moiré, ganoderma, dragon, grain, flowers and birds, beasts, landscapes, figures, phoenixes, peony, religious patterns, etc. The knives are smooth and vivid, and they are very lively.
Extended reading: Yan thin ring fat Ming and Qing furniture have their own
Decorative beauty: simplicity and complexity between square inches
In the furniture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, more inlaid wood, teeth, stone, porcelain, snails, and even amber, agate, coral, gemstones and other materials to form different color purity, brightness, and gradation of color, giving the rhythm and rhythm of color. Ming Dynasty furniture is mainly characterized by simplicity, elegance, dignity and softness. In the decoration of furniture, it is often just a finishing touch. It is mostly handed down, and its decoration is just right, which is always refreshing. In the Qing Dynasty, the furniture was refurbished, luxurious and rich, and a large number of techniques such as enamel lacquering, engraving and inlaying were used. A lot of metaphorical auspicious Ruiqing theme was used in the decoration content to reflect people's life desire and happiness pursuit. Bringing together carving, inlaying, drawing, painting, stacking paint, and quenching rhinoceros.
In addition, the Luopan account, the three-bend leg, the light-transfer, the Peng tooth, the drum leg, the inverted horseshoe, the moiré tooth, the drum nail, etc. in the furniture of Ming and Qing Dynasties all reflect the aesthetic pursuit of the epoch-making aesthetics of furniture decoration in our country's history. It is the soul of the aesthetics of Ming and Qing furniture decoration that is not easy to find. This kind of decoration integrated with the whole furniture not only has the functions of reinforcement, support and practicality, but also plays a role of embellishment and beautification.
Cultural beauty: the epitome of history and art
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the court invited the masters of folk furniture to enter the palace to make the required furniture. According to the archives of the House of the Interior of the Qing Dynasty, the three-year-old Yangxin Temple Office has a record of making folding furniture. Obviously, the engraving of the furniture of the Qing Dynasty was highly valued by the royal family as the "first skill". The carvings of the furniture of the Qing Dynasty, many of them are from the hand of the court to create a craftsman, the workmanship is amazing. The formation of the unique style of Qing style furniture is directly related to the historical environment of the Kanggan dynasty and the integration of Manchu culture. The Qing Dynasty is also an era in which all kinds of handicrafts in China have reached a very high level. The Qing Dynasty furniture has made remarkable achievements in borrowing and absorbing various handicrafts, combining various techniques and absorbing foreign cultures. Unconventional, antique and not sticking to the characteristics of the ancient style, occupying a certain position in the history of Chinese arts and crafts.
The Ming and Qing Dynasties furniture with deep "six beautiful" has become an outstanding model and representative of the national form of furniture in China. It typically reflects the extremely exquisite craft value of Chinese furniture, the high value of art appreciation, and the rich historical and cultural value. The value of collection is a rare cultural heritage in our national tradition.
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