Talking about Green Design and Manufacturing II

The product is required to consider the possibility of its parts recovery and regeneration in the initial design, that is, in other new products, parts and materials in used or discarded products can be used. Several design strategies have been proposed for reuse of parts and materials:

1 Recyclable materials and their logos; 2 Recyclable processes and methods; 3 Recyclable economic evaluation; 4 Recyclable structural design.

3, Product Detachability Design (Design For Disassembly, DFD)

Removable design is a design methodology that makes the product easy to disassemble and maximizes profits from material recycling and part reuse. Removability is one of the main contents of green product design, and it is also an early and relatively systematic method for designing green products. It studies how to design a product to efficiently and cost-effectively disassemble components and parts, and disassemble and disassemble materials for reuse and recycling. It requires that detachability be used as an evaluation criterion for structural design at the initial stage of product design. The design of the structure is easy to disassemble and it is easy to maintain. And can be reused after the product is scrapped, fully and effectively recovered and reused, in order to achieve the purpose of saving resources and energy, and protecting the environment. The main strategies for detachable design are:

1 reduce the workload of disassembly; 2 predictable product structure; 3 easy to disassemble; 4 easy to separate;

At present, DFD mainly focuses on the following three phases of research: 1Collecting, classifying and summarizing the relevant knowledge of DFD; 2Quantitative evaluation of dismantling possibility; 3Creating new DFD methods and tools, and these tools are generally integrated with CAD design. Expert system.

4, green packaging

Green packaging technology is to optimize product packaging solutions from the perspective of environmental protection, resulting in minimal resource consumption and waste generation. At present, the research in this area is very extensive. It can be roughly divided into three aspects: packaging materials, packaging structure and packaging waste recycling. In today's world, major industrial countries require packaging to be "3R1D" (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Degradable).

The packaging of products should abandon the concept of consumption that is new and different, and simplify the packaging. This will not only reduce the waste of resources, but also reduce the environmental pollution and waste disposal costs. In addition, product packaging should try to choose non-toxic, pollution-free, recyclable or easily degradable materials, such as paper, reusable products and recyclable materials (such as EPS, polystyrene products).

5, the cost analysis of green products

The cost analysis of green products is different from the traditional cost analysis. In the initial stage of product design, we must consider the performance of product recycling, reuse, etc. Therefore, when analyzing the cost, we must consider the substitution of pollutants, product disassembly, reuse cost, The corresponding environmental costs of special products. Green product cost analysis should be performed at each design choice to make the designed product more “green” and low cost.

6, green product design database

The Green Product Design Database plays an important role in the design process of green products. The database should include all data related to the environment, economy, etc. in the product life cycle, such as the material composition, the impact of various materials on the environment, the natural degradation cycle of the material, the artificial degradation time, and the cost, during manufacturing, assembly, sales, and use. The number of add-ons generated and the impact on the environment, various criteria for environmental assessment criteria, etc.

(II) Green Manufacturing of Products

The impact of products on the environment should be considered not only in the design process, but also in the various impacts on the environment during the product manufacturing process. The use of green processes is an important part of green manufacturing, green process and clean production Inseparable, clean production was formally recognized as a prerequisite for sustainable development. The green process refers to the clean process, which refers to the process technology that can increase economic efficiency and reduce environmental impact. It requires that at the same time as improving production efficiency, it must take into account the reduction or elimination of the use of hazardous wastes and other toxic chemicals, improve working conditions, reduce the health threat to operators, and produce safe and environmentally compatible products. The green process of the parts in the process mainly includes process sequence process optimization, processing parameters, cutting tools, cutting fluid, lubricant use, processing quality, heat treatment, cleaning process in metal forming (casting, smelting), and environmental assessment. Green technology must start with technology and try to research and adopt process schemes and process routes with low material and energy consumption, less waste, and less pollution to the environment.

Fourth, the development trend of green manufacturing

The future of green design and manufacturing will tend toward globalization, socialization, integration, parallelization, intelligence, and industrialization. Possible research methods in the future include: 1 Modular design; 2 Application of neural networks and fuzzy mathematics; 3 Axiomatic design; 4 Virtual disassembly.

People proposed a green design development system. The key is the improvement of the green product design evaluation system. It evaluates the environmental impact of the product from the design, manufacture, packaging, transportation, and end-of-life of every link in the entire life cycle, and it must be in the entire life cycle. Under the integrated environment, the evaluation system for green products was established [4]. At the same time, it is necessary to research and develop advanced manufacturing technologies and their corresponding advanced manufacturing models to vigorously develop low-pollution, low-energy-consumption, pollution-free production processes and end products.

Research and develop databases and information systems suitable for green design and manufacturing needs, such as material databases, manufacturing databases, LCA databases and various knowledge bases, and develop green product design and implementation support software for green manufacturing.

The "green barriers" in the WTO rules, although there are some major countries that restrict the trade excuse of developing countries, its positive significance is self-evident. Our manufacturing industry needs to stand firm in world trade, and the level of "green" level is very high. important. Therefore, whether it can make a difference in green design and manufacturing is no longer an indirect or long-term benefit issue, but a direct benefit issue. In the process of export-oriented manufacturing, we must resist the developed countries to transfer high-pollution industries to our side (when the market needs them), and then use the “green barriers” of weapons to crowd out us in the international market (at the time of competition). Plot.

In guiding the construction of modern manufacturing bases, the government must have a modern vision, strengthen the "green" education for enterprises, improve the supervision mechanism of government departments on green manufacturing of enterprises, and strengthen legislative and administrative regulations and related economic policies. At the same time, a more systematic green manufacturing theory and method system is established to promote and guide the in-depth research and discipline development of green design and manufacturing technology. Through the promotion of green design and manufacturing systems through laws, policies, academics, public opinion, and technology, Changzhou has been built into a modern manufacturing base with modern taste, sustainable development, and economic, social, and ecological benefits.

(Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou Technical Teachers College)