In the laboratory, if you want to quickly separate the particles suspended in the liquid from the liquid, you need to use a centrifuge. The principle of centrifugation The particles in the solution have a certain centripetal acceleration when they make a circular motion around an axis in the inertial system. At the same time, they are affected by the centripetal force. There is a centrifugal force in balance with the centripetal force. The centrifugal force in a non-inertial system can form a centrifugal force field, which has the same properties as the gravity field. The centripetal force F of the particles in the gravity field is F = ma = mRw = ÏvRw
In the formula: Ï-density of particles v-volume of particles
R-the radius of the particles in a circular motion W-the angular acceleration of the particles
In the centrifuge, the particles in the solution are at different positions, that is, R is different, and the centrifugal force and resistance are different. The particles in different positions will move away from the axis at different rates. The centrifugal force that keeps the particles moving away from the axis is a kind of artificial gravity. The magnitude of this force is related to the mass of the particles, the radius of rotation, and the angular acceleration of rotation. Substances of different types and qualities will eventually be arranged in order of their density. This is the principle of centrifuging different substances. Centrifuges also work based on this principle.
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