1. Define a variety of conditions that can induce the production of heat shock proteins (stress proteins), including heat, nutritional deficiencies, active oxygen metabolite stimulation; hypoxemia or low pH, contact with toxins and other causes of metabolic disorders. Most Hsp protein sequences are highly conserved and abundant, and are the main antigens of various pathogens. In the non-stressed and stressed state, the Hsp content in the cells varies greatly. In non-stress cells, heat shock proteins act as cofactors in maintaining the stability of intracellular protein structures and protein transmembrane transport. Hsp can be divided into Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60 and sHsp (small molecule Hsp with a molecule of <40kD) according to molecular weight, sequence similarity of amino acid sequence, cell positioning and main functions.
(1) Hsp90: The Hsp90 family plays a key role in cell function under stress and non-stress conditions. In eukaryotic cells, it is the most abundant cytoplasmic protein and an ATP-independent molecular chaperone. It can synergistically activate or regulate specific proteins such as calmodulin, actin, kinase, and steroid receptors. .
(2) Hsp70: Hsp70 in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium protein, which is very similar to Hsp in mammalian cells, exists in the cytoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and protects when the newly synthesized protein has not formed a three-dimensional structure It also plays a role in antigen processing and presentation, and it also has an adjuvant effect.
(3) Hsp60: Hsp60 is the only mammalian member of the Hsp family. It is mainly expressed in the mitochondria, and is related to the ATP-dependent protein entering the mitochondria and the subsequent folding process.
(4) sHsp: sHsp is a group of heterogeneous protein families, and its function is not yet clear. Several of these members act as molecular chaperones in maintaining the three-dimensional structure of the protein. Rich in the structural protein of the lens of the eye. -Lens protein is a member of its family. The carbon-terminal end of the e-crystal protein molecule has a conserved sequence of 90-100 amino acid residues similar to the structure of Hsp. -Lens protein is considered to be a potential autoantigen for multiple sclerosis.
2. Characteristics Due to the conservation of sequences, Hsp is the most common immunogen for infectious pathogens. During various infections and vaccines, the body will produce an immune response against Hsp. Due to the high conservative nature of Hsp, the body is often in contact with Hsp from low-toxic pathogens, causing an ever-increasing immune response, because the peptide binding capacity of Hsp is easier to process and present.
Bacterial Hsp and human Hsp have 60% sequence similarity, so the immune response against bacterial Hsp may cause a risk of autoimmunity. In fact, researchers also speculate that Hsp is an important autoantigen for diseases such as RA, SLE, and MS. It has been observed that anti-bacterial Hsp65-specific T cells and antibodies simultaneously cross-react with human Hsp and can induce autoimmunity.
rope weaving, webbing furniture, polyester and olefin material make the rope are look natural and more comfortable when you touch on the sofa.
rope weaving furniture, webbing furniture
Golden Eagle Outdoor Furniture Co., LTD. , https://www.geoutdoor.com