Metrology originated in ancient times. The original form of measurement was established to promote business development and record human activities. Time, weight and length are the earliest measurement standards. Throughout human history, the dimensional measurement method has undergone several evolutions.
Galileo explores the universe with a telescope
Here are the most important milestones:
The feet of the king before 1789
According to scientists, European countries use more than a thousand units of measurement. Pied du roi (the foot of the king) is one of the outstanding representatives and is a widely used unit of measurement. However, many merchants each use their own measurement tools, which leaves room for fraud, extortion and distortion. It was not until the establishment of the metric system that human beings began to unify the measurement system.
The footsteps of the king
1795 metric system
The French Revolutionary Government introduced the metric system, now the international system of units. One meter originally refers to one-tenth of a mile of the distance between the Arctic and Paris via the equator. Of course, although the definition of rice has evolved over centuries, it is still the reference length unit for all measurement tools.
Metric system
1840 photogrammetry
Shortly after the birth of photography, photogrammetry has begun to be used. This is due to the French geodeticist François Arago. He proposed a method of triangulation to the French Academy of Sciences. With this technology, he can determine the spatial position of an object based on photos taken from different perspectives without having to know the position of the lens in advance.
François Arago
1848 SYSTEM PALMER (outer diameter micrometer)
The French inventor J. Palmer's "System Palmer" is patented, which is the first micrometer that has been widely recognized to date with a U-shaped main frame. The modern micrometer is still emulating the basic design of the System Palmer's U-shaped main frame, micrometer sleeve, sleeve, pole, and reference base. In addition, all micrometers and other hand tools must still be traceable to international standards.
System palmer (outer diameter micrometer)
1887 Michelson Interferometer
American physicist Albert A. Michelson believes that the detection of relative ether motion is measurable. To this end, he invented a new instrument called an interferometer. His experimental results show that the Earth has no relative etheric motion. This argument changed the foundation of physics and promoted the birth of Einstein's theory of relativity in 1905.
Interferometer
1960CMM
In the early 1960s, the CMM was first introduced. This instrument was made up of a simple 3D tracking device that displays the XYZ position via a simple digital display (DRO). The original CMM was developed by the Ferranti Company of Scotland in the 1950s. But this device has only two axes. The earliest three-axis prototype was born in the 1960s and was invented by the Italian company DEA (now part of the Hexagon Metrology Group).
Soon after, the automatic CMM was introduced in the 1960s to perform complex inspections of the Concorde supersonic jet engine. Driven by this invention, Renishaw was founded in 1973 and has now grown into a major supplier of CMM measuring heads.
CMM
1980 portable CMM
In the 1980s, the introduction of a portable CMM with a measuring arm made a revolution in the measurement process: now, the metering tool has entered the production floor. This innovation eliminates the need to move manufacturing parts into a dedicated, controlled environment. However, because the measuring arm uses a conventional technique that relies only on precision mechanical components, these portable CMMs are still very susceptible to environmental shocks and instability. Therefore, considerable precautions need to be taken during operation.
Measuring arm
19853D scanner
Although the first 3D scanner was introduced in the 1960s, it was not until 1985 that laser technology was applied to 3D scanning. Previously, 3D scanning devices used lights, cameras, and projectors to complete the scan. However, the accurate scanning process of the object is very time consuming and labor intensive. After 1985, scanners began to capture the surface of objects using white light, lasers, and shadows.
3D scanner
1987 laser tracker
The first laser tracker prototype was developed in 1986 by Dr. Kam Lau. A year later, Dr. Kam Lau founded his own company, Automated Precision Inc., to improve tracking technology and improve modeling accuracy and portability. Laser trackers are still the most advanced measurement solutions for large-size components such as aircraft wings, car frames and large processing equipment. However, in the field of high-capacity measurement, they face another technology – the challenge of photogrammetry.
Laser tracker
2000 optical portable CMM
The optical portable CMM appeared in the field of metrology at the beginning of the millennium. The optically portable CMM combines the flexibility and effectiveness of the CMM, the portability and simplicity of a portable CMM, and the advantages of being less susceptible to vibration, making it ideal for shop floor measurements. Over the past few years, this technology has been improved and developed many times and is now comparable to CMM. Now they are integrated into the testing process and even become the strongest competitor in the metrology market. So, will optically portable CMMs become the future of metrology?
Optical portable CMM
Introduction to Creaform
Creaform develops, manufactures and markets 3D portable measurement technology, specializing in 3D engineering services. The company offers innovative solutions such as 3D scanning, reverse engineering, quality control, non-destructive testing, product development and numerical simulation (FEA/CFD). The company's products and services are targeted at industries such as automotive, aerospace, consumer goods, heavy industry, health care, manufacturing, oil and gas, power generation, culture, education and research. Creaform's headquarters and manufacturing operations are located in Lévis, Quebec, with innovation centers in Levis, Shanghai, China and Grenoble, France, in the US, France, Germany, Brazil, China, Japan, India, South Korea and Singapore all have branch offices.
Creaform is a subsidiary of AMETEK Inc., a leading global manufacturer of electronic instruments and electromechanical devices with annual sales of $4 billion.
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