The first generation of products is emulsified directly with emulsifiers. Under vigorous mechanical agitation, emulsion particles are obtained. The resulting emulsion has a relatively large particle size, typically around 5 μm, due to the presence of free emulsifiers in the emulsion. In case of water, it will precipitate from the coating film and cause the water resistance of the paint film to be not good, and because of the coarse grain size, the film formation is difficult, thus restricting its application. The second generation of water-based epoxy is a water-soluble curing agent emulsified oil-soluble epoxy resin, this type of aqueous epoxy resin system is characterized by the use of curing agents are water-soluble, when the two sets of mixed curing, the curing agent from The water phase diffuses into the resin particles, so the concentration of the curing agent on the surface of the resin particles is relatively high, so that the surface is easily cured to form a hard shell, and the film formation of the resin particles is inhibited, and eventually the resin and the curing agent in the paint film are unevenly distributed. Affecting the film properties, resulting in mismatch of solubility parameters is also an important factor influencing the promotion of the second-generation aqueous epoxy systems.
Another form of the second-generation aqueous epoxy system is to make the resin into water-dispersed epoxy emulsion, and the curing agent is water-soluble. This system also has the problem of solubility parameter mismatch, because the epoxy resin is Hydrophobic, while the water-soluble curing agent has a strong hydrophilicity, after mixing the two components, due to the great difference in hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, thus affecting the filming properties of the coating.
The third-generation water-based epoxy system was successfully developed by the Shell company in the United States in the 1990s. The epoxy resin and the curing agent of this system are all connected with a non-ionic surfactant, and the surfactant-free surfactant is not present in the system. After the two components are evenly mixed, the solubility parameters are similar and the matching is good. After curing, a uniform film is obtained, which can meet or exceed the performance index of the solvent-based paint film.
The third-generation aqueous epoxy resin system can be directly or indirectly used as a coating, a casting material, a molding material, an adhesive, and a laminate due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties, electrical insulation properties, chemical resistance properties, and adhesive properties. The form infiltrates all aspects of the national economy from daily necessities to high-tech fields, such as composite materials in aircrafts and spacecrafts, packaging materials for large-scale integrated circuits, insulating materials for generators, coatings for steel and wood, and machinery. Civil construction adhesives,
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