Wise man
A researcher from Microsoft Xiaobing told the China Economic Herald reporter that in order to teach Xiao Bing to speak Mandarin correctly and correctly, they will correct her reading of polyphonic words one by one, giving her the ability to speak the sound and use the most appropriate tone. Rhythm tells stories and recites ancient poems. In order to make Xiao Bing's "w" letter more in line with Chinese people's pronunciation habits, the R&D team will make several plans, ask linguists to mark a lot of data, and then let the engineers train the machine learning model, and finally Xiao Bing can naturally read come out. Therefore, behind the artificial intelligence is still human intelligence to provide continuous support.
“I am very excited to see more and more artificial intelligence, because it is a product of human intelligence and technology. The replacement of human work by artificial intelligence is a necessary stage in every era of change, and it has positive significance. In an era when driverless cars are becoming more prevalent, the profession of drivers may shrink, but in the long run, those who work in these professions can always find new roles to adapt to the times. But the premise is that everyone must learn new skills. Adapting to a new era. In other words, even robots such as Xiao Bing are learning constantly, how can we stop the pace of learning? And artificial intelligence replaces mainly the tedious and repetitive work that can free human beings from it. To engage in more creative work is a civilized progress. I believe that artificial intelligence will give people more freedom," the researcher said.
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The 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics propaganda film triggered a netizen "onlookers." It will be the background of the future 2045, telling the 10 years of war between human and artificial intelligence (AI), called the elite version of science fiction blockbuster.
The recent "outbreak" in the field of artificial intelligence stems from the advancement of ultra-large-scale computing power, big data, machine learning, and especially deep learning algorithms. In 2016, the artificial intelligence AlphaGo created by DeepMind surpassed humans in complex Go games. Artificial intelligence also made breakthroughs in language translation, self-driving cars, and creating new drug molecules.
When artificial intelligence is becoming more and more mature in commercial applications, how far is artificial intelligence and the actual life of ordinary people? Will artificial intelligence coming to the "human world" push the society in a good direction or in a bad direction? How should people who are fascinated by future technological trends face up?
Artificial intelligence reconstructs daily life
Abby is a young Chinese foreign language teacher at an English-speaking institution in Beijing, but on February 5th she posted a message in the WeChat circle that seemed to have little relevance to her career. “Hi! Hi! I have signed up for the 45th Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Pythonâ€! I am studying artificial intelligence with the Ph.D. in Israel, including “29 Introduction to Zero Basic Python†and “Getting Started with 16 Artificial Intelligenceâ€, and AI. /Complex system / data mining / deep learning materials, I recommend you to study with me."
Abby told the China Economic Herald that increasingly sophisticated translation software will gradually fill the language gap, and the prospects for translation or artificial English teachers will not be expected. Instead of being embarrassed at the time, it is better to learn the "second language" - computer language from now on.
"I studied science and engineering at university. Now many of my college students are turning to artificial intelligence. By their influence, I think I should try this field." Although Abby said that he is holding a ticket. The mentality, but the saying goes, "The boat is a good turn," artificial intelligence is for them, just like the fashion to learn to go to Beida Jade Bird.
Chen Peng studied monetary policy in a national think tank. Although there is no problem in English reading and listening, but because the oral English is not good enough, he often feels troubled by being unable to speak freely in international academic situations. By chance, he downloaded an English speaking practice app called "English Fluent" in the mobile app store. He told the China Economic Herald reporter that he was very curious about whether artificial intelligence can personalize teaching.
In this software, AI teacher will speak a fluent standard of English, and can better judge the accuracy and fluency of the students through the spoken recording, so as to feedback to the students according to the color of the three fonts from good to differential green, black and red. There are three retelling opportunities in the second study. After the practice, the AI ​​teacher will remind students to pay attention to the aspects of the study according to the performance of the students. They can also give students scores according to the time of study, the correct rate of answering questions, and the repetition rate. Compare competition. Chen Peng admitted that AI teacher has surpassed the real world English teacher in many aspects.
In fact, the artificial intelligence used in the "English fluency theory" is mainly "adaptive learning" - through the algorithm, the acquired data analysis of the learner is fed back to the existing knowledge map to provide learners with individualized difficulty and Personalized rhythm courses and exercises, etc., to improve learners' learning efficiency and learning effects.
"Education + AI" is popular in China. For example, the teacher does not have to use the traditional one-to-one correction work, complete the assignment on the APP, and then automatically generate job results on the APP for statistical analysis. Expanding the sample range can also accumulate massive amounts of data about operations. "The teacher doesn't correct the homework. Are they too easy?" The answer is NO, because technological advancement is reshaping the teacher's working hours and content.
“While reducing repetitive work, we will prepare more carefully, and we will learn more about the overall situation of students and increase the attention of individual students.†An English teacher at the second grade of Beijing Changping Experiment told the China Economic Report Reporter, she is used to working on homework online.
AI is changing and shaping our lives, not only young people and students, but also middle-aged and older people. Many elderly people do not use the phonetic input method, which gives birth to the mobile phone handwriting function, but some old people can't write. Now the new version of mobile phones and TVs can use voice input information, such as finding map addresses, or selecting songs and selecting TV programs.
In the case of the singing app "National K-Song", there are many elderly people who do not understand, and the "referee" who gives them a score for each song is "Whether he wants to be against me, these days Deliberately playing my score very low?" I don't know, this "referee" is just an algorithm that compares the user's voice with the standard sound.
In the past, the elderly missed the era of using online personal banking, and they still have to go to the bank to queue each time they deposit or withdraw. But now using face recognition technology to brush the face has become a standard for banks. It does not require a bank card. As long as there is a machine and an ID card, the basic business can be “fixed†and the long queue becomes history. Also under reform are subway access systems.
Similarly, traditional supermarkets are also undergoing renovation. Now, when Grandpa and Aunt go to Beijing Wumei Supermarket to buy rice to buy vegetables, they will find that as long as they use mobile apps, they will become popular with cashiers, because these workers are freeing themselves from the cash register to teach them How to scan and check the goods for self-service.
Artificial intelligence is coming, where is the human rice bowl?
Now, Google, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, Facebook and other companies in the United States are using artificial intelligence to upgrade their business and reshape their companies. Domestic companies such as Huawei, BAT, Lenovo, TCL and other global industrial groups are also in the field of artificial intelligence. Great investment without exception.
Recently, Google released two updates in its search for flight information, using artificial intelligence technology to predict flight delays and recommend low-cost tickets; Microsoft is studying the application of artificial intelligence in health and education; Facebook is applying AI to its Among the various products; Amazon builds a complete smart home product system through Alexa's intelligent voice technology; Sotheby's Auctions acquires an App startup company that can quickly identify items and recommend similar images to users.
According to the Japan Yomiuri Shimbun website reported on January 29, researchers from the Japan Cancer Research Association and other institutions used deep learning techniques to analyze more than 12,000 images of gastric cancer, enabling artificial intelligence programs to analyze images to detect signs of gastric cancer. The detection rate exceeded 92%, reached the level of the skilled doctor, and the average time taken to analyze an image was only 0.02 seconds.
In China, Suning 2.0 version of the unmanned shop landed in Nanjing, unlike Amazon Go and other unmanned retail business scanning code payment methods, its brush face payment speed was reduced from 10 seconds to 6 seconds; Sogou released the first AI strategic landing product - - Sogou travel translation treasure, Sogou shorthand translation pen; the second generation of the newly released Tencent small Q robot, users can control curtains, smart lights, air conditioners and other smart homes through voice commands; even Peking University Guanghua School of Management recently Beginning to adopt the "brush face" sign-in method, the highlight of this "black technology" is that it can effectively detect more than 60 face spoofing attacks such as photos, videos and masks.
If there is a common feature of the results of these many artificial intelligences, it is to improve the efficiency of "analytical work" and "repetitive work" through more advanced algorithms, which correspond to the work of white-collar workers and blue-collar workers. Once this efficiency exceeds that of human beings, the machine replaces human beings to work and becomes the basic rule of economics.
Israeli scholar Yuval Hulari said in the 2017 Chinese version of The Short History of the Future that the most important issue of economics in the 21st century may be what the extra people can do. What can humans do once they have a highly intelligent and unconscious algorithm that takes over almost everything and can do better than a conscious human?
Historically, after the industrial revolution, most people in developed countries entered the industrial sector. In recent decades, jobs in the industrial sector have gradually disappeared and the service industry has expanded significantly. For example, in the United States, the agricultural population accounts for only 2%, and the industrial population is only 20%. 78% are service workers such as teachers, doctors, and web designers. But what do people do when mechanical algorithms are more effective than humans in teaching, diagnosing, and designing?
“It’s often said that art is our ultimate sanctuary. When computers replace doctors, drivers, teachers, and even landlords and landlords, will everyone become an artist?†The answer to this question is at the University of California, Santa Cruz. A musicology professor who has written 5,000 Bach-style hymns in a single computer program, and people can't tell which ones are real masters and which are computer-written.
A similar example is AI Xiao Bing developed by Microsoft. By the end of 2017, she had accumulated 30 billion words of dialogue with more than 100 million users on more than a dozen different platforms such as WeChat. The poems she wrote through the algorithm have published poetry collections and even published them in some literary journals through anonymous methods.
“Because we can't predict the employment situation in 2030 or 2040, we don't know how to educate the next generation. When children reach 40, all their knowledge in school may be outdated. Want to be eliminated only One way: I will continue to learn all my life and constantly create new ones. However, many people, even most people, probably can't do this," Yuval said.
How to deal with artificial intelligence and create employment?
If the teaching and learning that took place in the above-mentioned supermarkets will soon be successful, then the cashier’s own jobs will be in jeopardy, and they will be replaced by artificial intelligence and machines. When artificial intelligence sneak into the lives of ordinary people, people will see its friendly side and will appreciate its cruel side.
It is not only translation, English teachers, bank counter employees, supermarket cashiers who will lose their jobs. AI can do more. In developed countries where science and technology are one step ahead, blue-collar workers are suffering from the labor force of developing countries, and now they are threatened by artificial intelligence, and the scope will also be eroded to white-collar jobs. And this trend is likely to repeat itself in developing countries.
In 2013, Oxford University's Research Report on the Future of Employment predicted that by 2033, telemarketers and insurance salespeople would be 99% unemployed. There are more than 60% of the probabilities that will be unemployed: referees, cashiers, chefs, waiters, paralegals, tour guides, bakers, bus drivers, construction workers, security guards, crew, bartenders, archivists, Carpenters, lifeguards, etc.
In 2017, Kiplinger listed careers with particularly good career prospects, including computer systems analysts, statisticians, software developers, mathematicians, and financial advisors.
Recently, the Boston Consulting Group's research and analysis shows that between now and 2026, 57% of the 1.4 million jobs in the US that may be replaced by new technologies are women. Half of them can't find a new job unless they are retrained. But after retraining, women’s wages will increase by 74% and men’s income will increase by 53%.
Accenture's survey of more than 1,200 chief executives and senior managers shows that 74% of respondents expect to achieve greater or greater work through artificial intelligence in the next three years. Automation; half of the respondents said that as some office work was automated, previous job descriptions were outdated. But only 3% of executives surveyed said they plan to significantly increase training spending to help employees adapt to new technologies driven by artificial intelligence.
Ba Damin, global president of McKinsey, accepted an interview in the media that new jobs will emerge, but the question is how do we find new jobs. On the issue of re-educating employees, we cannot rely solely on educational institutions and governments to complete their work.
Some media reports said that China's artificial intelligence talents have a gap of over 5 million, and the ratio of supply and demand is only 1:10. The market is a “baton,†and education and government have taken the lead. Since artificial intelligence can't stop, then don't stand in the "flood" to wash the necessary land, but use the wave to curb the flying boat and share a piece of the emerging market of artificial intelligence.
It is reported that more and more students in the school have chosen artificial intelligence related majors, and many IT professionals have begun to transform artificial intelligence. According to the data provided by the Mi Ke Limei service robot, in the field of artificial intelligence, the proportion of young people in China is higher than that in the United States. Among them, young people aged 28 to 37 account for more than 50% of the total.
At present, the domestic Internet and technology giants are hiring artificial intelligence talents. The initial annual salary of graduates in this direction can reach 300,000 yuan. According to industry estimates, the number of relevant doctors who graduated from world-class universities each year is no more than 3,000, and they are still being "crazy." However, among the top TOP50 artificial intelligence disciplines in the world, most of the top rankings are European and American universities, especially in the United States. No university in China has entered the top 50. The gap between China and Europe and the United States in artificial intelligence is still huge.
In July 2017, the State Council promulgated the “New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Planâ€, emphasizing “accelerating the cultivation of high-end talents that gather artificial intelligenceâ€. Duan Weiwen, a researcher at the Center for Science, Technology and Social Research of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the problem is no longer the talent gap in the future artificial intelligence industry, but how the entire education, training and innovation policy conforms to the requirements of the times and adapts to the overall situation brought about by the intelligent revolution. Sexual change. “Using education and learning to support people’s cognitive, creative and leadership skills in the future of intelligent pan-subject society,†he said.
This article was first published on WeChat public account: China Development Network. The content of the article belongs to the author's personal opinion and does not represent the position of Hexun.com. Investors should act accordingly, at their own risk.
(Editor: Ren Gang HF008)
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